Preditores da intenção de abandono profissional em caminhoneiros / Predictors of intention to leave profession in truck drivers

Apesar da importância da retenção de caminhoneiros, há pouca compreensão acerca das variáveis e suas interações para explicar a intenção do abandono profissional. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as variáveis sociodemográficas, laborais, psicossociais, estressores ocupacionais e a satisfação no trabalho como possíveis preditores da intenção de abandono em uma amostra de 565 caminhoneiros brasileiros. Como instrumentos de avaliação, foram utilizadas as Subescalas de Tendência ao Abandono, Satisfação no Trabalho e Riscos Psicossociais, questionários de variáveis sociodemográficas, laborais e estressores ocupacionais. Os resultados obtidos por meio da análise de regressão linear múltipla apontaram um modelo explicativo para a tendência ao abandono composto por sete variáveis que conjuntamente explicaram 29,2% da variância, sendo a satisfação no trabalho a variável de maior poder preditivo (13,2%). O estudo sugere ações de retenção desses profissionais aos gestores do transporte, com o objetivo de evitar a rotatividade dessa categoria.

Despite the importance of truck driver's retention, there is not enough understanding about the variables that interact to explain the intention to leave the profession. The objective of this study was to evaluate variables such as, sociodemographic, labor, psychosocial, occupational stressors and satisfaction with work, as possible predictors of abandonment, in a sample of 565 Brazilian truck drivers. For data capture purposes, a set of assessment tools was used. It was composed by: Subscales of Tendency to Abandonment, Job Satisfaction and Psychosocial risks, sociodemographic, labor and occupational stressors questionnaire. The results obtained by multiple linear regression analysis, have indicated seven variables to explain the model variance of 29,2%, with job satisfaction having the most significant prediction capacity (13,2%). The study suggests some retention actions by the management level on truckload carriers, in order to avoid the turnover of this job category.

How aware are our truck drivers regarding prevention of road traffic accidents? A cross-sectional study in Dankuni area, Hooghly

Background: Road traffic accidents are an emerging global health problem. It is projected that road traffic injuries will move up to the third by the year 2020 among leading causes of the global disease burden.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 248 truck drivers in Dunkuni area Hooghly for a period of 2 years from August 2017 to July 2018. By simple random sampling 248 truck drivers were selected from 641 registered drivers of the two-truck driver’s association. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics committee of AIIH and PH, Kolkata. After getting informed written consent for participation, the pre-designed pre-tested schedule was filled up. Data was analysed using SPSS16 version and bivariate analysis was done. For knowledge score (12 items), each item of positive response was scored as +2 and for negative response +1. Stress among truck drivers was assessed using perceived stress scale.Results: Mean age of the participants was 37 years. 24.2% participants studied up to secondary school and 134 (54%) belonged to class IV. 21.0% had history of alcohol addiction, 80.6% had high stress. Adequate knowledge of traffic sign was observed among 79.8% participants and overall adequate knowledge was found among 135 (54.4%) participants.Conclusions: Regular behavioural change communication sessions and intermittent sessions on safe-driving methods among truckers may prove beneficial in preventing road traffic accidents.

Comportamentos alimentares de risco à saúde e fatores associados entre motoristas de caminhão / Unhealthy eating habits and associated risk factors among truck drivers

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar fatores associados aos comportamentos alimentares de risco à saúde entre motoristas de caminhão. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com motoristas de caminhão entrevistados no Porto de Paranaguá. Foram obtidas informações sobre o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes, salgados fritos, bebidas açucaradas industrializadas e doces, e retirada de gordura visível de carne vermelha e da pele de carne de frango. Modelos hierarquizados foram construídos para identificar fatores associados aos comportamentos alimentares de risco à saúde. Dos entrevistados (n = 670), 53,1% apresentaram quatro ou mais comportamentos alimentares de risco à saúde. Tal condição associou-se com idade inferior a 40 anos (RP = 1,49; IC95% = 1,28-1,73), capacidade para exercer a profissão referida como moderada/baixa/muito baixa (RP 1,28; IC 95% 1,08-1,52), não praticar atividade física no tempo livre (RP = 1,66; IC95% = 1,38-2,00), qualidade da alimentação referida como ruim/muito ruim (RP = 1,25; IC95% = 1,05-1,49) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) < 25 Kg/m2 (RP = 1,22; IC95% = 1,05-1,43). Mais da metade dos motoristas de caminhão apresentaram comportamentos alimentares de risco à saúde, reforçando a necessidade de estratégias de incentivo à redução desses hábitos.

Abstract The scope of this article is to identify risk factors associated with unhealthy eating habits among truck drivers. It involved a cross-sectional study carried out with truck drivers individually interviewed at the Port of Paranaguá in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Information was obtained on the consumption of fruit, vegetables, fried salted food, sweetened beverages, and the removal of visible fat from red meat and of skin from chicken meat. Hierarchical Poisson regression models were applied to identify factors associated with unhealthy eating habits. Of those interviewed (n = 670), 53.1% had four or more unhealthy eating habits. This condition was associated with age less than 40 years (prevalence ratio, PR = 1.49; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.28-1.73), moderate, low or very low ability to exercise the profession (PR 1.28; 95% CI 1.08-1.52), not taking physical exercise in free time (PR = 1.66; 95%CI = 1.38- 2.00), overall self-reported eating habits as poor or very poor (RP = 1.25; IC95% = 1.05-1.49) and body mass index < 25 Kg/m2 (PR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.05-1.43). More than half of the truck drivers revealed unhealthy eating habits, highlighting the need for strategies to rectify these habits.

Factors Associated with Common Mental Disorders in Truck Drivers / Fatores Associados aos Transtornos Mentais Comuns em Caminhoneiros

Abstract This study aimed to identify the risk factors of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) using a sample of 565 Brazilian truck drivers. For data capture were applied the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), Scale subscale of Psychosocial risks and questionnaire with socio-demographic, working and occupational stressors. The results obtained by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, have explained the 39.9% of variation on CMD. The occupational stressor working hours is the predictor variable with highest impact, may implying in an increase of 5.41 times more chance of the trucker to present CMD. The results indicate actions by management level as work organization and public authorities with regard to the external work conditions.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou identificar os fatores de risco dos Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) em uma amostra de 565 caminhoneiros brasileiros. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), Subescalas da Escala de Riscos Psicossociais e questionários sociodemográfico, laboral e de estressores ocupacionais. Os resultados obtidos por meio da análise de Regressão Logística Binária Multivariada explicaram 39,9% das variações dos TMC. A variável preditora de maior impacto foi o estressor ocupacional jornada de trabalho que implicou em um aumento de 5,41 vezes mais chance do caminhoneiro apresentar TMC. Os resultados sugerem ações por parte dos gestores quanto à organização do trabalho e por parte do poder público no que diz respeito às condições externas de trabalho.

Prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders in truck drivers and its associated risk factors

Background: The main purpose of the study was to find out the different joints affected in the truck drivers and the associated-risk factors for musculoskeletal pain in this population due to the paucity of literature pertaining to Indian truck drivers.Methods: A self-administered closed-ended validated questionnaire was prepared by the researcher incorporated with Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and numeric pain rating scale and the participants were questioned using the same questionnaire and response was recorded by the researcher.Results: This study found a prevalence rate of work-related musculoskeletal pain to be 76.92% in truck drivers and the most commonly affected joints are lower back followed by the knee, shoulder and cervical spine. The factors which are found to be responsible for work related musculoskeletal pain in truck drivers are age, years of driving, number of driving days in a week, number of driving hours in a day, rest duration, posture, stress, vibration & poor condition of roads.Conclusions: It can be concluded from the results of this study that extrinsic factors do play a significant role in the causation of work-related musculoskeletal pain in truck drivers and are a leading cause for affecting the health of truck drivers and a frequent cause of sickness absente

Estudos qualitativos sobre caminhoneiros e HIV/aids: contribuições para análise de vulnerabilidade / Qualitative studies on truck drivers and HIV/AIDS: contributions for the analysis of vulnerability

Resumo O artigo pretende identificar e analisar criticamente, com base no quadro analítico do conceito de vulnerabilidade, estudos qualitativos sobre a vulnerabilidade de caminhoneiros ao HIV. Os critérios de inclusão foram: abordar a temática da susceptibilidade dos caminhoneiros ao HIV/AIDS e empregar a abordagem qualitativa. Foram encontrados 445 resumos, dentre os quais 17 artigos foram incluídos na análise e categorizados em "estudos socioculturais", "estudos avaliativos" e "estudos de comportamentos de risco". A análise foi balizada por reflexões realizadas a partir do conceito de vulnerabilidade em saúde. O estudo critica a predominância de estudos qualitativos de cunho comportamentalista, com ênfase na identificação de comportamentos de risco, e de concepções e representações sobre HIV/AIDS. Além disso, aponta para estudos de matriz sociocultural e avaliativos que transpassam a barreira dos comportamentos individuais, ampliando o escopo de análise, ao compreender os fenômenos estruturais e interações dos sujeitos frente à epidemia, aproximando-se do conceito de vulnerabilidade. A revisão aponta para a necessidade de estudos que levem em consideração o conceito de vulnerabilidade, contextualizando os comportamentos às dimensões socioestruturais envolvidas na epidemia de aids.

Abstract The scope of this article is to conduct a critical identification and analysis, based on the analytical framework of the concept of vulnerability of truck drivers to HIV. The criteria for inclusion were to address the issue of truck drivers' susceptibility to HIV/AIDS and to adopt the qualitative approach. A total of 445 abstracts were located, of which 17 articles were included in the analysis and categorized as "sociocultural studies", "evaluative studies" and "risk behavior studies." The analysis was based on reflections surrounding the concept of vulnerability in health. The study criticizes the predominance of qualitative studies of a behaviorist nature, with an emphasis on the identification of risk behaviors, concepts and representations about HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, it points to studies of a sociocultural and evaluative nature that transcend the barrier of individual behaviors, expanding the scope of analysis, analysis of structural phenomena and interactions of subjects faced with the epidemic, duly approaching the concept of vulnerability. The review reveals the need for studies that take into account the concept of vulnerability, contextualizing the behaviors to the socio-structural dimensions involved in the AIDS epidemic.

Prevalence hearing loss of truck and bus drivers in a cross-sectional study of 65533 subjects

BACKGROUND@#Noise pollution is one of the most important occupational pollutants in heavy-vehicle drivers. Therefore, this epidemiological research was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of hearing loss in heavy-vehicle drivers in Iran.@*METHODS@#This cross-sectional research was conducted on 65,533 heavy-vehicle drivers including truck and intercity bus drivers from February 2006 to March 2016. The air and bone threshold of pure tone was measured for each ear at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz by a skillful radiology expert. The obtained data from this research was analyzed in SPSS software using statistical tests such as descriptive analysis and paired t test.@*RESULTS@#Mean (standard deviation) of hearing loss in left and right ears of all people was 23.02 (8.25) and 22.48 (7.86), respectively. Paired t test showed that hearing loss difference in left and right ears was significant (P < 0.001). Mean and standard deviation of paired t test showed that hearing loss difference in left and right ears was significant in all frequencies except 1000 Hz (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The findings of this research generally showed that 26.8% of the studied drivers have hearing loss. Hearing loss in the left ear was more than right ear.

Diferenças de percepção de estressores de acordo com o tipo de rota no trabalho de caminhoneiros / Differences of perception of stressors according to the route type on truck drivers work

A profissão de caminhoneiro está sujeita a inúmeros estressores ocupacionais. O presente estudo objetivou verificar diferença na percepção de estressores laborais em caminhoneiros que realizam rotas curtas e aqueles que percorrem rotas longas no seu trabalho. A amostra se constituiu de 445 caminhoneiros atuantes em diferentes regiões do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Como instrumentos de pesquisa, foram utilizados questionários de dados sociodemográficos, laborais e estressores ocupacionais, elaborados para esse estudo. Os dados foram analisados por meio da prova t de student. A análise evidenciou associação significativa dos estressores: condições de estradas e repouso, postos de atendimento, locais para alimentação, possibilidade de assalto e roubo, jornada de trabalho, remuneração e sistemas eletrônicos de controle aos caminhoneiros de rota longa, quando comparados aos de rota curta. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de se considerar a variável rota longa no processo de adoecimento dessa categoria profissional.(AU)

The profession of truck driver is exposed to several occupational stressors. This study aimed to evaluate the existence of differences between short and long run distances truck drivers, regarding stressors perception. The sample was composed by 445 Brazilian truck drivers from different zones of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. As instruments, we used socio-demographic, labor, and occupational stressors questionnaires especially created for this research. The data was analyzed trough student t-tests. The analysis highlighted that long distance drivers, compared to short distance drivers, have higher stressors levels about: roads pavement and rest conditions, services area, food court services, lack of security, working hours, salary, and electronic control systems. The results indicate that the variable long driven distance should be considered for the illness process analysis of this profession category.(AU)

Intervenção de educação em saúde na br 116: relato de experiência / Intervención de educación en salud en la autopista br 116: relato de experiencia / Intervention of health education on highway br 116: experience report

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou descrever a atividade de intervenção de educação em saúde do projeto de extensão Saúde na BR. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, com atividades realizadas na base da Polícia Rodoviária Federal que integram o cronograma semestral do projeto de extensão. As atividades de intervenção contemplaram orientações nutricionais, saúde bucal, ergonomia, uso de medicamentos e substâncias psicoativas e, sobre a influência da espiritualidade no enfrentamento às situações de estresse. A avaliação das condições de saúde, contou com a aferição da pressão arterial, glicemia capilar e imunização; verificação de medidas antropométricas e avaliação de índice de massa corporal, bem como, demonstrações práticas de cuidados de saúde, como a ginástica laboral e o relaxamento. Evidenciou-se que as atividades de educação em saúde incorporaram as características de intervenção direcionadas à realidade do público-alvo, como sujeito ativo do processo do cuidado para a melhoria da qualidade de vida.

RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la actividad de intervención en educación en salud del proyecto de extensión Saúde na BR (Salud en la autopista BR). Se trata de estudio descriptivo, del tipo relato de experiencia y las actividades realizadas en la base de la Polícia Rodoviária Federal (Policía Federal de Carreteras brasileña) integran el cronograma semestral del proyecto de extensión. Las actividades de intervención abarcan orientaciones nutricionales, sobre salud bucal, ergonomía, uso de medicamentos y sustancias psicoactivas y sobre la influencia de la espiritualidad en el enfrentamiento de situaciones de estrés. Fueron asociadas a la evaluación de condiciones de salud con: la toma de la presión arterial, glucemia capilar e inmunización, verificación de medidas antropométricas y evaluación de índice de masa corporal, así como demostraciones prácticas de cuidados de salud, como gimnasia laboral y relajamiento. Quedó evidente que las actividades de educación en salud incorporaron características de intervención dirigidas para la realidad del público blanco como sujeto activo del proceso del cuidado para mejoría de la calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the intervention activity in health education of the extension project Saúde at the BR. It is a descriptive study, of an experience report and the activities carried out at the base of the Federal Highway Police, are part of the semester schedule of the extension project. Intervention activities included nutritional guidelines on oral health, ergonomics, use of medications and psychoactive substances and on the influence of spirituality in coping with stress situations. They were associated to the evaluation of health conditions with: blood pressure measurement, capillary glycemia and immunization, verification of anthropometric measures and evaluation of body mass index, as well as practical demonstrations of health care, such as workout and relaxation. It was evidenced that the activities of health education incorporated characteristics of intervention directed to the reality of the target public as an active subject of the process of care to improve life quality.

Consumo de substâncias psicoativas e os aspectos ocupacionais relacionados à saúde do trabalhador caminhoneiro / Consumption of psychoactive substances and occupational aspects related to the health of truck drivers

Introdução: Atualmente, uma das preocupações no contexto social, político e econômico da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) são as vítimas acometidas por acidentes de trânsito nas rodovias do mundo. No âmbito nacional, os motoristas de caminhão participam efetivamente do transporte terrestre de cargas nas rodovias e estão vulneráveis a diversos agentes causadores de riscos e possíveis danos à saúde. Desta forma o presente estudo teve como Objetivos: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico dos motoristas de caminhão de transporte rodoviário de carga; identificar o processo de trabalho relacionado às características laborais desses motoristas; levantar o consumo de álcool, anfetaminas e cocaína pelos condutores de caminhão e sua associação com os riscos de acidentes automobilísticos. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico transversal descritivo com 354 motoristas de caminhão de transporte de cargas, que, ao passarem pela barreira fiscal no posto Nhangapi, na Rodovia Presidente Dutra, foram solicitados a permanecerem no local para averiguação do veículo e dos documentos fiscais. Os motoristas de caminhão responderam a um questionário estruturado, organizado em blocos de questões que incluíam perguntas referentes ao perfil sociodemográfico, ao trabalho profissional e à saúde e aos hábitos de vida, além do questionário ASSIST. Os dados foram digitados no programa EPI INFO (versão 3.5.2) e analisados no programa - SPSS (versão 2.0). Ainda, a variável de desfecho foi o consumo de substâncias psicoativas, e as variáveis de exposição foram sociodemográficas, relacionadas à saúde e ao trabalho. O período de estudo compreendeu os anos de 2015 a 2017. Resultados: evidenciou-se entre os motoristas de caminhão: maior prevalência para o consumo moderado e alto de bebidas alcoólicas, anfetaminas e cocaína; aqueles com até 42 anos de idade e os que se declararam brancos, maior prevalência para anfetaminas; os que viviam sem parceiros, para bebidas alcoólicas; os que tinham renda per capita inferior a um salário mínimo, para três substâncias psicoativas; os que relataram dirigir por 5 horas ou mais ininterruptamente, maior prevalência para cocaína; os que exerciam sua atividade laboral no período noturno por até 8 anos, para bebidas alcoólicas; os que conseguiam descansar por até 6 horas, para anfetamina e cocaína; e os que tinham carga horária de 13 horas ou mais diárias, para três substâncias psicoativas; os que tinham autopercepção de saúde regular/ruim apresentaram maior frequência para consumo de anfetaminas; os que reportaram 1 dia ou mais de absenteísmo, para bebidas alcoólicas; os com índice de massa corporal (IMC) de baixo peso/normal, para cocaína; os que possuíam insônia, para bebidas alcoólicas e anfetaminas; já os com transtornos mentais comuns (TMC), para três substâncias psicoativas. Conclusão: tais resultados corroboram para traçar o perfil demográfico, as características laborais e o consumo de substâncias psicoativas pelos motoristas de caminhão e evidenciar que são expostos a vários fatores, os quais intervêm na qualidade de vida e saúde destes, tornando esta uma questão de saúde pública, visto que esses trabalhadores trafegam pelas rodovias e podem ocasionar acidentes de trânsito.

Introduction: Currently, one of the concerns in the social, political and economic context of the World Health Organization (WHO) are the victims of traffic accidents on the world's roads. At the national level, truck drivers are effectively involved in the land transport of loads on the roads and are vulnerable to various agents causing risks and possible damage to health. Thus, the present study had as Objectives: to identify the sociodemographic profile of the drivers of road freight transport truck; identify the work process related to their labor characteristics; collect information on alcohol, amphetamine and cocaine use by truck drivers and their association with car accident risks. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study analyzing 354 freight truck drivers, who, when passing through the fiscal barrier at the Nhangapi control, on the Presidente Dutra Road, were asked to remain in the place to investigate the vehicle and the tax documents. The truck drivers responded to a structured questionnaire, organized in blocks of questions that included some regarding the sociodemographic profile, professional work, health and lifestyle habits, in addition to the ASIST questionnaire. The data were entered in the EPI INFO program (version 3.5.2) and analyzed in the program - SPS (version 2.0). The outcome variable was the consumption of psychoactive substances, and the exposure variables were sociodemographic, related to health and work. The study was conducted from 2015 to 2017. Results: it was evident among truck drivers: higher prevalence of moderate and high consumption of alcoholic beverages, amphetamines and cocaine; those up to 42 years old and those who declared themselves white, higher prevalence of amphetamines; those who lived without a partner, higher prevalence of alcoholic beverages; those with per capita incomes below a minimum wage, higher prevalence of three psychoactive substances; those who stated that they were driving for 5 hours or more uninterruptedly, higher prevalence of cocaine; those who undertook their work in the night period for 8 years, higher prevalence of alcoholic beverages; those who managed to rest up to 6 hours, higher prevalence of amphetamine and cocaine; those who had a daily workload of 13 hours or more, higher prevalence of three psychoactive substances; those who had regular/poor health self-perception had a higher frequency of amphetamine use; those who reported 1 day or more of absenteeism, higher frequency of alcoholic beverages; those whose body mass index (BMI) was low weight/normal, higher frequency of cocaine; those who had insomnia, higher frequency of alcoholic beverages and amphetamines; and those with common mental disorders (CMD), higher frequency of three psychoactive substances. Conclusion: these results help to trace the demographic profile, occupational characteristics and consumption of psychoactive substances by truck drivers and show that they are exposed to several factors that intervene in their quality of life and health. It also becomes a public health issue, given that these workers travel on the roads and can cause traffic accidents.

Introducción: Actualmente, una de las preocupaciones en el contexto social, político y económico de la Organización Mundial de la Salud son las víctimas de accidentes de tránsito en las carreteras del mundo. En el ámbito nacional, los conductores de camión participan efectivamente del transporte terrestre de cargas y están vulnerables a diversos agentes causadores de riesgos y posibles daños a la salud. Siendo así, el presente estudio tuvo como Objetivos: identificar el perfil sociodemográfico de los conductores de camión de transporte de carga; identificar el proceso de trabajo relacionado a sus características laborales; recopilar información sobre consumo de alcohol, anfetaminas y cocaína por los conductores de camión y su asociación con los riesgos de accidentes automovilísticos. Métodos: Este es un estudio epidemiológico transversal descriptivo analizando a 354 conductores de camión de transporte de cargas, a los que, al pasar por la barrera de control Nhangapi, en la Carretera Presidente Dutra, se solicitó que ahí permanecieran para averiguación del vehículo y de los documentos fiscales. Los conductores de camión respondieron a un cuestionario estructurado, organizado en bloques que incluían preguntas referentes a perfil sociodemográfico, trabajo profesional, salud y hábitos de vida, además del cuestionario ASIST. En cuanto a los datos, se introdujeron en el programa EPI INFO (versión 3.5.2) y se analizaron en el programa SPS (versión 2.0). La variable de resultado fue el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y las variables de exposición fueron sociodemográficas, relacionadas a salud y trabajo. El estudio se llevó a cabo de 2015 a 2017. Resultados: quedó evidente entre los conductores de camión: mayor prevalencia de consumo moderado y alto de bebidas alcohólicas, anfetaminas y cocaína; aquellos de hasta 42 años y los que se declararon blancos, mayor prevalencia de anfetaminas; los que vivían sin pareja, de bebidas alcohólicas; aquellos cuyos ingresos per cápita inferiores a un salario mínimo, de tres sustancias psicoactivas; los que declararon que manejaban durante 5 horas o más ininterrumpidamente, mayor prevalencia de cocaína; los que ejercían su actividad laboral en el período nocturno desde hace 8 años, de bebidas alcohólicas; los que lograban descansar hasta 6 horas, de anfetamina y cocaína; los que tenían carga laboral diaria de 13 horas o más, de tres sustancias psicoactivas; los que tenían autopercepción de salud regular/mala presentaron mayor frecuencia de consumo de anfetaminas; los que reportaron 1 día o más de absentismo, de bebidas alcohólicas; aquellos cuyo índice de masa corporal (IMC) era de peso bajo/normal, de cocaína; los que sufrían insomnio, de bebidas alcohólicas y anfetaminas; y aquellos con trastornos mentales comunes (TMC), de tres sustancias psicoactivas. Conclusión: esos resultados ayudan a trazar el perfil demográfico, las características laborales y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por los conductores de camión y evidenciar que están expuestos a varios factores que intervienen en su calidad de vida y salud. Se vuelve también una cuestión de salud pública, puesto que esos trabajadores transitan por las carreteras y pueden causar accidentes de tránsito.

Uso contínuo de medicamentos e condições de trabalho entre motoristas de caminhão / Continued use of drugs and working conditions among truck drivers

Resumo Os motoristas de caminhão têm sido pouco explorados quanto aos problemas de saúde que os acometem e, principalmente, quanto ao seu perfil de consumo de medicamentos. Este estudo teve o objetivo de determinar o uso contínuo de medicamentos, por motoristas de caminhão, e identificar as características profissionais associadas. Para a sua realização, conduziu-se um estudo transversal com motoristas de caminhão estacionados no Pátio de Triagem do Porto de Paranaguá, Paraná, Brasil. Realizou-se uma entrevista com obtenção de dados socioeconômicos, problemas de saúde, condições de trabalho e uso contínuo de medicamentos. Dos motoristas avaliados (n = 665), 21,1% referiram utilizar algum medicamento continuamente, com destaque para o captopril (10,7%), metformina (10,3%), omeprazol (6,2%) e sinvastatina (6,2%). Motoristas com dezesseis anos ou mais de experiência profissional (RP 1,67; IC 95% 1,11-2,51), proprietários do próprio caminhão (RP 1,38; IC 95% 1,03-1,86) e que não possuíam vínculo empregatício formal (RP 1,49; IC 95% 1,11-2,00) apresentaram maior prevalência de uso contínuo de medicamentos. Observa-se que algumas condições de trabalho têm importante papel do uso contínuo de medicamentos pelos motoristas de caminhão.

Abstract Few studies have been conducted on truck drivers with regard to their health problems, especially their drug consumption profile. This study aimed to determine the continuous use of drugs and to identify use-related professional characteristics among this category. A cross-sectional study was carried out with truck drivers parked at the sorting yard of the, Port of Paranaguá, Paraná. An interview to obtain socioeconomic data, data on health problems, working conditions and continued use of medication was performed. Of the drivers evaluated (n = 665), 21.1% reported a continuous use of some medication, mainly captopril (10.7%), metformin (10.3%), omeprazole (6.2%) and simvastatin (6.2%). Drivers with 16 or more years of professional experience (Prevalence Ratio [PR] 1.67; Confidence Interval [CI] 95% 1.11-2.51), truck owners (PR 1.38; CI 95% 1.03-1.86) and without formal labor contract (PR 1.49; CI 95% 1.11-2.00) had a higher prevalence of continuous use of medication. We noted that some working conditions play an important role in the continuous use of drugs by truck drivers.

A study on sexual risk behaviors of long-distance truck drivers in central India.

Background: The sexual behavior of trucking populations has been associated with the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV in India and elsewhere in the world. The objective of the study was to describe the Health seeking and sexual risks behaviors among the long distance truck drivers and to estimate the prevalence of STI symptoms in the long distance truck driver. Methods: Cross sectional study conducted on the Long Distance truck drivers plying on national highway passing through Bhopal state Highway, who halted at road side group of “Dhabas” (road side hotels) at 3 exits ways of Bhopal City M.P (India). A total of 309 truck drivers approached over a period of 90 days. Out of these 251 consented for the study. Result: The study revealed that 49 % of the long distance truck driver had CSW exposure in last 6 months. The prevalence of STI symptoms was found to be 21.51 % among the long distance truck drivers. The Truck Driver who had exposure with CSW more than five times in the last 6 months were found to be more careless regarding using condoms while having intercourse with the CSW’s. Conclusion: Effort like availability of condoms in the high risk group settings is required. Dhabas should be made to function as a sentinel centre for promoting awareness for HIV/AIDS and STIs.

Comportamentos de risco quanto ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana entre caminhoneiros / Human immunodeficiency virus risk behavior among truck drivers / Comportamientos de riesgo para infección por Virus de la inmunodeficiencia Humana entre camioneros

Os caminhoneiros formam uma categoria profissional que pode contribuir para a disseminação do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV). O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar comportamentos de risco para a infecção pelo HIV em caminhoneiros que trafegavam na BR-381, no Brasil. Utilizou-se um formulário estruturado para identificar alguns dos comportamentos de risco desses profissionais, em 2009. Foram entrevistados 109 caminhoneiros, sendo 99,1% do sexo masculino; 47,2% relataram ter baixa escolaridade, 67,9% eram casados e 32,1% procuravam parceiras sexuais durante as viagens. Houve diferença significativa com relação à distribuição da frequência do uso do preservativo e o estado civil (p<0,001) e entre o risco ou não de contrair HIV e o fato de escolher ou não parceiras sexuais (p<0,001). Concluiu-se que há necessidade de medidas preventivas de educação para a saúde voltada exclusivamente para esses profissionais, abordando o assunto da transmissão sexual do HIV com ênfase para os riscos à saúde.

Truck drivers as a professional category can contribute to the spread of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This study aimed to identify risk behaviors for HIV infection among truck drivers traveling highway BR-381. A structured form was used to identify some of these professionals’ risk behaviors. In 2009, 109 truck drivers were interviewed: 99.1% were male, 47.2% reported little formal education, 67.9% were married, and 32.1% sought sexual partners on the road. There were significant differences between the frequency distributions of condom use and marital status (p<0.001), and between being aware or not of the risk of contracting HIV and choosing or not choosing sexual partners (p<0.001). It was concluded that there is need for preventive health education measures directed exclusively to this profession, addressing the issue of the sexual transmission of HIV, and emphasizing the health risks.

Los camioneros forman una categoría profesional que puede contribuir para la diseminación del Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (HIV). El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el comportamiento de riesgo para infección por HIV en camioneros que transitan en la BR-381, en Brasil. Se utilizó un formulario estructurado para identificar algunos de los comportamientos de riesgo de esos profesionales, en 2009. Fueron entrevistados 109 camioneros, siendo 99,1% hombres; 47,2% reportaron tener bajo nivel de educación, 67,9% eran casados y 32,1% buscaban parejas sexuales durante el viaje. Hubo diferencia significativa con relación a la distribución de la frecuencia del uso de preservativo y el estado civil (p<0,001), y entre el riesgo o no de contraer HIV, y el hecho de escoger o no parejas sexuales (p<0,001). Se concluye que hay necesidad de medidas preventivas de educación para la salud, orientadas exclusivamente para esos profesionales, abordando el asunto de la transmisión sexual del HIV principalmente para los riesgos a la salud.

Surveying the Impact of Work Hours and Schedules on Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Sleep

BACKGROUND: Given the long hours on the road involving multiple and interacting work stressors (i.e., delivery pressures, irregular shifts, ergonomic hazards), commercial drivers face a plethora of health and safety risks. Researchers goal was to determine whether and to what extent long-haul trucker work schedules influence sleep duration and quality. METHODS: Survey and biometric data collected from male long-haul truck drivers at a major truckstop in central North Carolina over a six month period. RESULTS: Daily hours worked (mean = 11 hours, 55 minutes) and frequency of working over government-mandated daily HOS regulations (23.8% "frequently or always") were statistically significant predictors of sleep duration. Miles driven per week (mean = 2,812.61), irregular daily hours worked (63.8%), and frequency of working over the daily hour limit (23.8% "frequently or always") were statistically significant predictors of sleep quality. CONCLUSION: Implications of findings suggest a comprehensive review of the regulations and operational conditions for commercial motor vehicle drivers be undertaken.

Prevalência de dores musculoesqueléticas em motoristas de caminhão e fatores associados / Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in truck drivers and associated factors

Introdução: motoristas profissionais podem estar sujeitos a doenças musculoesqueléticas relacionadas às condições de trabalho. Objetivo: estimar a prevalência e identificar fatores associados à dor musculoesquelética na coluna vertebral, nos 12 meses anteriores à pesquisa, referida por motoristas de caminhão. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em 2007 com todos os 460 motoristas do sexo masculino de uma empresa de transportes de carga. Utilizou-se questionário abordando fatores sociodemográficos, ocupacionais e de saúde. Análises de regressão logística univariada e múltipla foram utilizadas para verificar a associação entre o relato de dor musculoesquelética na coluna vertebral e os fatores estudados. Resultados: a prevalência de dor musculoesquelética referida foi de 53,5%, sendo mais prevalentes a dor na coluna vertebral (38,5%) e a dor na coluna lombar (28%). Sono de má qualidade, hábito de não cochilar, medo de ser assaltado, morrer, adoecer ou sofrer algum acidente durante o trabalho, e estresse, tensão ou fadiga por desconforto ao dirigir foram fatores associados às dores na coluna vertebral. Conclusão: constatou-se alta prevalência de lombalgia associada a estressores externos, como medo de acidentes e roubos, e a fatores ligados diretamente à organização do trabalho, como a ausência de pausas para cochilos e a restrição dos horários de sono, o que leva a sua má qualidade. .

Background: professional drivers can be subject to occupational musculoskeletal problems. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal spine pain among truck drivers and identify the associated factors in a 12 month period prior to the research. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted in 2007 involving all 460 male truck drivers from a freight company. Information on sociodemographic, occupational and health factors was collected through a questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were carried out to determine the association between musculoskeletal spine pain and the investigated factors. Results: prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was 53.5%, the highest being related to the spine column (38.5%) and the lumbar spine (28%). Factors associated with spine pain were: bad sleeping, tension resulting from fear of being attacked, killed, becoming ill or getting involved in accidents, as well as stress, tension and fatigue caused by discomfort. Conclusion: high prevalence of lumbar spine pain in the studied population was associated with external stressors, including fear of accidents and robberies, as well as those directly related to work organization such as fatigue resulting from lack of pauses and restrictions on sleeping hours, which leads to poor sleep quality. .

Satisfação no trabalho entre profissionais do transporte rodoviário: estudo comparativo entre autônomos e empregados / Work satisfaction among truck drivers: a comparative study of self-employed and employees

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a satisfação com o trabalho de profissionais motoristas de caminhão autônomos e funcionários de empresas transportadoras. Entende-se que a satisfação com o trabalho é elemento essencial para a melhoria da qualidade de vida de profissionais que passam boa parte do tempo fora de casa e em condições singulares. Foram entrevistados 342 motoristas de diversos Estados do Brasil, com média de idade de 44 anos (DP 10,88), e mais da metade somente com ensino fundamental. Os resultados apontam uma forte influência da oferta de carga e do vinculo empregatício com empresas para a melhor satisfação. Os motoristas relatam grande insatisfação com o trabalho, o que inclui condições básicas (saúde e segurança) e questões de marcado (oferta de cargas, tempo de espera em filas). O entendimento sobre a satisfação e melhores condições dadas pelas empresas são fundamentais para saúde e bem-estar destes profissionais.

The aim of this study was to analyze the work satisfaction of independent truck drivers and employees of carriers. It is understood that job satisfaction is essential to improving the quality of life for professionals who spend much of their time outside the home and in natural conditions. We interviewed 342 drivers in various states of Brazil, with a mean age of 44 years (SD 10.88), and more than half with only primary education. The results show a strong influence of loading demand and employment contract with companies for the best satisfaction. Drivers report great dissatisfaction with the work, which includes basic conditions (health and safety) issues marked (offering loads, waiting time in queues). An understanding of satisfaction and better conditions offered by companies are important variables to improve health and welfare of these professionals.

Contact with HIV prevention programmes & willingness for new interventions among truckers in India.

Background & objectives: Systematic data on existing coverage and willingness for HIV prevention strategies among truckers are not readily available in India. The present study aimed to further the understanding on contact of truckers with existing HIV prevention services and to assess willingness for new HIV prevention strategies. Methods: A total of 1,800 truck drivers and helpers aged 16-65 yr passing through Hyderabad were approached to assess contact made with HIV prevention programmes, history of previous HIV testing and their acceptance for circumcision, oral HIV testing, new medications to control HIV (PrEP) and telephonic counselling. Dried blood samples were collected on filter paper and tested for HIV. Multiple logistic regression was performed for analysis of association between contact with HIV prevention programme and socio-demographic, sexual risk behaviour variables and work characteristics. Results: A total of 1,602 (89%) truckers gave interview and provided blood sample. Forty five truckers tested positive for HIV resulting in HIV prevalence of 2.8 per cent (95% CI 2.0-3.6%). Only 126 truckers (7.9%; 95% CI 6.5-9.2%) reported ever being contacted by staff providing HIV prevention interventions. Previous HIV testing was reported by19 per cent (95% CI 17.3-21.2%). Those reporting contact with HIV prevention programmes ever were more likely to have undergone HIV testing (odds ratio 3.6, 95% CI 2.4-5.4). The acceptance for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was 87 per cent, oral HIV testing 98 per cent, and telephonic counselling 82 per cent, but was only 9 per cent for circumcision.Truckers who reported having sex with a man and those who halted regularly at dhabas were significantly more willing to undergo circumcision for HIV prevention (odds ratios 2.7, 95% CI 1.4-5.4 and 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.2, respectively). Interpretation & conclusions: Our findings showed that truckers had low contact with HIV prevention programmes, suggesting a need for urgent measures to reach this population more effectively. The willingness for new HIV interventions was high except for circumcision. These findings could be used for further planning of HIV prevention programmes for truckers in India

Sexual behavior among truck drivers.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on Lucknow highway in Bareilly district of Uttar Pradesh to study the knowledge of truck drivers about HIV transmission and prevention and to study the sexual behaviour of these drivers with reference to HIV/AIDS. Age, marital status, education, income, drinking alcohol, length of stay away from home, knowledge about transmission and prevention of HIV, and HIV-prone behavior of truck drivers were studied. Chi-square, mean, and SD were calculated. In all, 289 (97.6%) drivers had heard about HIV/AIDS. Only 242 (81.8%) were aware of HIV transmission by heterosexual route. Misconceptions such as HIV transmission by mosquito bites, living in same room, shaking hands, and sharing food were found. Out of 174 (58.8%) who visited Commercial Sex Workers (CSW), 146 (83.9%) used a condom. 38 (12.8%) visited more than 5 CSW in the last 3 months. Time away from home on the road, marital status, alcohol use, and income class were associated with visiting CSW. High-risk behavior was established in the study population. Safe sex and use of condoms need to be promoted among the truck drivers and better condom availability needs to be assured on highways.

Knowledge And Awareness About The Risk Of HIV/AIDS Among Truck Drivers Of A Selected Area.

This cross- sectional study was conducted among the truck drivers at Daulatdia Ghat, Goalanda, Rajbari district. The objective of this study was to find out the knowledge and awareness about the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission among the truck drivers .Out of 226 respondents, 37.3% were within the age group 25 to 35 years. Most of the respondents (74%) were married and 44% were educated up to primary level. Half of the respondents (50%) had monthly income from taka 10,000 to taka 15,000 per month. From this study, it was found that 97% respondents had heard the name of HIV/AIDS, 61.8% had known about HIV/AIDS from media and newspaper. In respect of the route of HIV transmission, 39.8% of respondents thought that HIV is transmitted by sexual activities and 58.7% thought the disease is transmitted by syringe, transfusion. About 47.8% respondents thought that HIV can be detected from blood and 76% knew the fate of HIV/AIDS is death. Majority (82.5%) of the respondents obtained correct knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission and 13.2% of them knew the place where test of HIV can be done.

Hipertensão arterial sistêmica em motoristas de caminhão. / Systemic arterial hypertension in truck drivers.

Entre as doenças cardiovasculares, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) merece destaque por ser a mais frequente, atingindo mais de 25% da população mundial adulta. Os motoristas de caminhão constituem uma população exposta a muitos dos fatores de risco para essa doença, como dietas inadequadas. Este estudo objetivou verificar a prevalência de HAS nessa população, seus fatores associados e se há diferenças nessa associação entre motoristas diurnos e noturnos. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 470 indivíduos, majoritariamente do sexo masculino, que responderam de forma voluntária e autoaplicada aos questionários de dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos e de frequência alimentar. As variáveis que mostraram associação com HAS na regressão logística univariada (p<0,2) foram submetidas à regressão logística múltipla (p<0,05). Os resultados da análise conjunta dos motoristas mostraram associação estatisticamente significante entre HAS e idade, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), nível de escolaridade e vínculo empregatício. A porcentagem de hipertensos entre motoristas diurnos e noturnos foi equivalente, porém houve diferenças em relação aos fatores associados à doença, sendo o IMC a única variável que esteve presente em todas as análises. Isso sugere que fatores sociodemográficos, antropométricos e ocupacionais tenham influência sobre a HAS.

Among cardiovascular diseases, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) deserves special attention, since it is the most common, affecting more than 25% of the worldwide adult population. Truck drivers are exposed to many risk factors for this disease, such as inadequate dietary habits. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of SAH in this population, its associated factors and if there are differences between night shift and day shift truck drivers. A transversal study was performed with 470 subjects, mostly males, which consented and answered self-assessment questionnaires about sociodemographic and anthropometric data, besides feeding frequency. The variables that were associated to SAH in the univariate logistic regression (p<0.2) were submitted to multiple logistic regression (p<0.05). The results of the analysis of all drivers have shown statistically significant association between SAH and age, body mass index (BMI), level of education and employment relationship. The percentage of hypertension on both day and night shift drivers was equivalent, but there were differences regarding factors associated to this disease, and the BMI was the only variable common to all analysis. This suggests that sociodemographic, anthropometric and occupational factors have influence on SAH.